![]() ![]() Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Centered on the North Pole (Polar Aspect) Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Centered on the Equator (Equatorial Aspect) Azimuthal ConformalĬonformal projections preserve shape and angles at any single point on the This preserves area, but distorts distance and Projections, except the radial lines get closer together as you get fartherįrom the center point. The azimuthal equal-area projection was first presentedĪzimuthal equal-area projections are similar to azimuthal equidistant Polar Azimuthal Equidistant Azimuthal Equidistant Centered on the USA Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection centered at the pole, although the center point can be anywhere on Maps of the North and South Poles commonly use an azimuthal equidistant Wrapping the countries in the opposite hemisphere around the edgesĪzimuthal equidistant projections show true distances from a single point on That globular projections only show a single hemisphere.Īzimuthal projections cover the whole surface of the earth by Stuart McArthur's Universal Corrective Map (1979) Azimuthal ProjectionsĪzimuthal projections radiate outward from a single point (azimuth).Īlthough these projections resemble globular projections, note The biases inherent in the traditional north-up cartographic convention. Stuart McArthur places south up to ask us to critically examine This variant of the Mercator projection by Australian cartographer There is no geological or astrophysical reason why North should be up on a map. Spherical Mercator (Google Maps) McArthur's Universal Corrective Map Wayfinding and navigation in most of the world. ![]() The spherical representation causes inaccuracy when measuring largeĪreas close to the poles, but is adequate for daily This is the projection used by Google Maps and almost all other interactive web The world as a sphere rather than an ellipsoid to make calculations easier. Spherical Mercator is a variant of Mercator that mathematically represents Gerardus Mercator's Projection (1569) Spherical Mercator It preserved direction (conformal), making it useful for naval navigation. Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594) during the great age of European exploration. One of the oldest and most commonly-used projections was Roger Bacon's Globular Projection (1265) Peter Apian's Globular Projection (1524) Apian's Globular Projection Centered on Oceans (1524) Giovanni Nicolosi's Globular Projection (1660) Cylindrical Projections Mercator Projection Have distintive combinations of graticule line curvature and spacing. Two hemispheres are commonly presented side-by-side to cover the majorĪlthough these projections appear quite similar on first glance, they each ![]() Globular maps present a hemisphere of the Earth as if it were viewed as a Supplanted in the 20th century by a variety of projections depicting the earth Globular projections were once popular for wall maps, although they were Equirectangular Projected (Unprojected WGS 84) Globular Projections GIS software generally uses this as the default display for convenience. This projection should never be used in print maps as usage impliesĬarelessness or ignorance of cartographic conventions. Poles, countries are distorted in width the further you move from the equator. Longitude lines are physically closer together as you move closer to the ![]() The simplest of all projections plots latitudes and longitudesĪs if the world were a grid of evenly spaced lines. When graticule lines are not present, the distortions in the.The spacing and curvature of the graticule (latitude and longitude) lines.The distinctions between different projections in the same familyĬan be subtle, world projections can usually be identified by: For more details on these concepts and terms, see thisįor even greater (albeit chaotic) detail, seeĬarlos Furuti's Cartographical Map Projections website.Īlthough the math behind projections can be quite complex and This is a gallery of examples of notable projections usedįor mapping the world. The three-dimensional world in two dimensions. Projection is a set of mathematical transformations used to represent Representations of the earth, such as maps, are two dimensional. The Earth exists in three-dimensions but, other than globes, most The Earth has aĬircumference of around 24,900 miles, but is around 27 miles wider than it is tall. The Earth is a spheroid - it is round like a ball or sphere butįlattened by slightly by the centrifugal force of rotation. ![]()
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